Hsc Belonging Peter Skrzynecki and Ben Heine

Individuals may feel a sense of belonging to many people and places. This sense of belonging can enrich the individual, becoming a positive influence on his or her life. Ben Heine is the skilled photographer behind the photograph titled ‘Home’. This photograph uniquely explores ideas about belonging as to provoke thought in regards to the viewer’s perception of what it actually means to belong. Likewise, these ideas surrounding a connection to people and places are expressed in Peter Skrzynecki’s Immigrant Chronicles.Belonging is the central theme throughout the photograph ‘Home’ which is clearly represented through the caricature of a child girl establishing herself in a fantasy world she is depicted drawing herself into. Ben Heine’s image represents reality versus fantasy which could also be viewed as not belonging and belonging. He has accomplished this through holding a pencilled sketch over a section of adjoining photograph to make something real into a distorted fantasy. Unlike novels, poetry or songs, images cannot be expressed using a considerable amount of words. Instead images must display visual techniques to convey ideas.Heine has incorporated numerous visual techniques into his photograph to achieve such complexity in depth and meaning. As the title of the photograph suggests, this image displays images of home, which provokes emotive thoughts towards the people depicted in the image. Within the salient image is a vector where your eyes are drawn towards and then follow a path to where the artist wishes you to look. In the image ‘Home’ Heine has drawn a vector stemming from the centre of the young girl, which is then followed up the girl’s arm where she has written the simple word ‘Home’ as a logo upon the singular house.This provokes thoughts as to whether the child and her mother standing to her left actually have a place to call ‘Home’. In ’10 Mar y Street’, it is the house that provides a literal and psychological place to belong. It signifies the Skrzynecki’s’ search for security, identity and safety and is a refuge from the new and strange environment. The family invests too much in its importance, however, and the personification of the house’s ‘China blue coat’ reveals its fragility and that the nature of belonging to a place is transitory.This reveals the poet’s recognition of the position of vulnerability the family are in at the hand of their rigidity and exposes the dangers of relying on a place to belong. In ’10 Mary Street’ the Skrzynecki’s’ have a home, unlike the little girl portrayed in ‘Home’ who has to draw a fantasy which includes a house and family to belong. The entire photograph ‘Home’ depicts reality versus fantasy. The reality in the image is exemplified by the use of colour whereas the fantasy is shown in black and white sketching.The fantasy is a perfect illusion which would easily be concealed as reality if it weren’t for the obvious contrast between the colour palette, and lack of it. The pencilled fantasy is a perfect world however it is clearly a child’s fantasy. The girl’s mother standing next to her seems oblivious to the girl’s imaginative world. She is absorbed in what is right in front of her; reality. This is similar in ‘St Patrick’s College’ as Peter’s mother is oblivious to her son’s wishes. In the last paragraph the poet states â€Å"prayed that someday mother would be pleased†¦ hat the darkness around me wasn’t â€Å"for the best†. The repetition of this negative phrase â€Å"wasn’t for the best† reinforces Skrzynecki’s negative attitude to his mother’s choice of education for him as she was initially merely â€Å"impressed by the uniforms of her employers sons†. It implies some criticism for his mother’s choice of school based on the ideas and attitudes of others and perhaps not on what is best for her son’s personality and happiness. The God-like hand stemming from the right hand side of the image ‘Home’ is holding the sketch.It is as though he is giving the girl opportunities, foresight into what her life could be like, a guiding hand making dreams come true. In the fantasy is a simple home and at its base lays a car, happy smiling people united by held hands. It is a wealthy area which is clean, unpolluted and uncrowded. This description is juxtaposed by the reality which is a poor, dirty, polluted, crowded looking area. The people in the fantasy holding hands are a representation of family, happiness, familiarity, safety and acceptance. Interestingly in reality there is just the girl and her mother without a father figure present.However, sketched in the child’s fantasy world there is a fam ily; a mother, a father and a daughter who are united by held hands. This representation of belonging in the fantasy contrasts the reality as in the reality there is a large distance between mother and daughter where the mum and she are separated. This is shown by the tilt of the mum’s head away from the girl. The transition between childhood and adulthood often leads to a distancing between parents and their children. In the poem ‘Feliks Skrzynecki ‘ this idea is evident ‘as like a dumb prophet watched me pegging y tents further south of Hadrian’s Wall’. The simile, ‘like a dumb prophet’ and the metaphor ‘further south of Hadrian’s Wall’ emphasises the gap between Skrzynecki and his father because of different life experiences. Feliks is both dumb and prophetic as he portrays a certain lack of knowledge of the English language; whereas Skrzynecki’s English grows and Feliks is powerless to speak up about his son’s movement away from him. He is prophetic as he can foresee that his son will come to value his heritage in later years at the expense of his dislocation from it in youth.The image ‘Home’ is like a story. Firstly, you look through the vector into the girl’s fantasy then your eyes are drawn towards the mother who is clearly at peace with her culture and third world. She has accepted her life, unlike her young daughter who is metaphorically represented reaching up for more than what she has. Then your eyes are drawn to the bottom of the picture where both the mum and daughter are being supported by their third world structure. This is a metaphor as they need their country; this is their ‘Home’. They are ‘citizens of the soil. ’

Applied Linguistics: Critical Review of Journal Essay

Introduction Everybody can not be a translator although she or he knows a foreign language. Because of just having a good knowledge of foreign languages does not give any 100% assurance that a translation will be rendered reasonably well. A translator must be aware of the essence of the subject besides having a fine awareness of the language, including language rules, and spelling rules. This journal talking about research of Mohammad Reza Hojat Shamami’s study of the main issue at the core of theorizing translation practice and the feature of a good translator or how to be a good translator and of course what are the skills to become a Freelance Translator with its translation process. This knowledge which is generally written in the English language needs to be transmitted in various languages so that people who do not know how to speak and write the original language can get the knowledge necessary for industrial development and technological innovation to keep up with the rest of the world. To transmit this knowledge effectively, there is a need for competent translators in various languages. Summary In practice, there is always considerable variation in the types of translations produced by various translators of a particular text. This is because translation is essentially an Art and not Science. So many factors including proficiency in language, cultural background, writing flair, etc. Translation turns a communication in one language into a correct and understandable version of that communication in another language. Sometimes a translator has to take certain liberties with the original text in order to re-create the mood and style of the original. A translator does need certain tools to help him out in moments of difficulty. These tools can be in the form of good monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, encyclopedias, e-dictionaries, glossaries of technical and standard works, etc. pertaining to the SL text. He must have patience and should not be in a hurry to rush through while translating any text. To translate from one language into another has never been an easy endeavor . It is an exercise both painstaking and cumbersome and only those who have engaged themselves with translation work can realize the complex character of this Art. For the statement of the problem focusing on this fact, (Chomsky, 1965) how can someone turn into a good translator? And for the objective and the purpose of this research, it is important that translators are familiar with the product they are translating and also with the tools they are using. The translation process is not the replacement of one word with another, but the formation of concepts in another language. Knowledge of the product being translated provides more understandable products to the end user. Time and resources for educating translators should be planned well in advance. The methodologies of this research provide the translators with tools that increase productivity and that prevent translation of non-textual application data. When purchasing or developing a translation tool, the following features should be included. The literature review of this research, The Asian languages, particularly Persia, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, represent a significant part of the translation industry in the United States, especially on the West Coast (Antal, 1963). Some agencies specialize in only Asian languages or even just one or two of them. Still others make the brunt of their money from these languages. For the result, we should know that it takes much more to be a good and skilled translator. For every talented text (Benjamin, 1992) converter, switching simultaneously between two universes is one of the most demanding tasks lot of training, learning, and experiences are needed to turn someone into a good translator. When engaging translators for your work, be sure to give them a detailed briefing on the work to be done (Brower, 1956). As professional translators we are supposed to improve our quality all the time. The first noteworthy conclusion we can draw from this paper is that translation is teachable because, on the one hand, it is a craft and consequently teachable as are other crafts; on the other hand, it is closely related to teaching language itself, although it is vital to make a distinction between the two. Another important point is that those engaged in teaching translation to students who are learning the target language along with translation should be aware that they are teaching two different things at the same time and that they should use a congruent eclectic method applicable to both. Critique The strength of this research includes its bravery by using the main issues at the core of theorizing translation practice and the feature of a good translator or how to be a good translator and of course what are the skills to become a Freelance Translator and Translation process which determining new standards to be good translators, comprehensive set of research method and qualitative and quantitative approaches used, and its results particularly in the broad area of the study of language and communication or linguistics especially translations field. On the contrary, the weaknesses of this research is mainly associated on the relevant issues that affect the used method and many quotations which are unnecessarily repeated just because it brings out similar messages. The use of references that were being published way back in the 1950’s (1953) while the research conducted in 2012 is also considered as the weakness because the applicability of the findings of these earlier re search studies could be questionable and irrelevant during those years. The concept is considered brave since it is implicitly attempted to redefining standards for being good translator. It has been a trend in language and communication studies that communication vehicles are subject of empirical and theoretical activities including science and technology and translation field becomes the bridge to connect two separated worlds and deliver messages from the result of the advance development in those fields. Furthermore, the comprehensive set of research method and qualitative and quantitative approaches used all throughout the research process can be considered as general solution to the drawbacks of each method or approach used in research. The wide-ranging and multiple tools used in quantitative approach of analysis addresses the issue of validity and reliability while the qualitative approach of analysis supported the limited ability of numbers to provide a complete description in response to a research question or problem. Lastly, the conclusion drawn from the research activity contributes in bridging the identified gaps in the existing body of translations field between real translators and the people who just translate languages. It is also assumed that this research article is another research in translation fields which is more like opinions and expose the important of translations that provides deep understanding in the related field. However, it must be considered that the findings found in this research article should be supported by other factors that are not included in its totality yet believed to have some degree of importance or effect (e.g. political and social or societal beliefs of the participants). Conclusion From this research of Mohammad Reza Hojat Shamami, we can find out the way of being a competent and good translator which is not only based on the knowledge of any foreign language, but it also requires some skills and rules. Chomsky’s 7 explicit criteria have represented what tools (skills) we need, like to sharpen our translation skills by reading different translation of different types of texts; to be more aware of different styles of writing and editing; to understand various expressions, idioms, and specific vocabulary; have the act of translating like to accept the significance of the source text within the framework of the source-language discourse; to improve the quality of our translations by being well-aware of styles of speaking, social stratification related to the foreign language; have to become ourselves attentive of different knowledge-providing sources like bilingual dictionaries, encyclopedias to know the meaning of words in specific situation; and the last is to know the sentence structure of indirect speech and different figures of speech in like hyperbole, irony. But however this research also has weaknesses besides its strength which already gives us sort of advice and translation knowledge, however the weakness can be questionable, from the reference which was taken from long time ago until the absence of supporting related issues in other fields like politics, societal beliefs that are actually worth to know as evidence.

Information mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information mangment - Essay Example According to Nonaka, Krogh and Voelpel (2006), â€Å"organizational knowledge creation is the process of making available and amplifying knowledge created by individuals as well as crystallizing and connecting it with an organization’s knowledge system.† Studies have shown that creation of knowledge, retention as well as managing it is very important for the survival of the organization during the contemporary period as we move towards a digital economy (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). One way of generating knowledge in an organization is achieved through the use of learning. Learning in an organisation is particularly concerned with creating, acquiring and transforming knowledge and transforming this knowledge to improve the overall performance of the employees and the organization as a whole (Andriopoulos & Dawson 2009). Knowledge may be explicit and/or tacit, individual and/or collective. Basically, explicit knowledge refers to details of processes that have been codified an d it often acts as a manual to deal with certain queries or problems in the organization while tacit knowledge is knowledge of experience (Polanyi, 1983). In as far as tacit knowledge is concerned so the person concerned uses his or her experience to deal with a certain problem. As noted above, knowledge is a business asset given that much of organizations’ value mainly depends on their capacity to create and generate knowledge which can be used to transform the operations of the organization during changing period. It is important for an organization to create knowledge and transfer it to other employees since this can help the whole organization. As illustrated in the model of knowledge creation and diffusion illustrated above, it can be seen that there are various techniques that can be used to transfer knowledge from one person to the other in the organization. According to Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995), knowledge can be transferred through the following strategies in the comp any: tacit to tacit through socialization, tacit to explicit through a process of externalization, explicit to tacit through a process of internalization as well as explicit to explicit through a process of combination. Tacit knowledge can be transferred to tacit knowledge through the process of socialization. Basically, socialization is a process that loosely describes the way people in an organization are socialised or interact. Through interaction among employees in an organization, knowledge can be transferred from one person to the other. In this case, it is individual to individual where an experienced employee can impart his or her ideas and experience to the other employee who also can capitalise on this wealth of knowledge in his or her operations. Explicit to tacit knowledge can also be transferred through a process of internalization in the organization. Internal structures in the organization are created and these are meant to transform knowledge that is codified into ac tual experience that can help the employees to deal with different situations they may encounter in their operations. This process involves transfer of knowledge from the individual, group as well as organization. This helps to improve the overall performance of the employees as well as the organization a whole. The other strategy is tacit to explicit

Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Writing - Essay Example for this form of unemployment could be due to contraction of too many workers who have skills that are not in high demand within the market and lack the skills that are highly required. In simple words, Marcelle’s unemployment case occurred as a result of a mismatch in the skills of the workers versus their employer’s needs. The unemployment case is a significant problem since it tends to be largely of the long-term variety. Retaining unnecessary workers within an organization is not an easy or cheap task. Another good example of a similar case that causes structural unemployment is the UK motor vehicle production company. Over the last 20 years, the company has declined while a similar company in the Far East has doubled up its production. The situation has created structurally unemployed workers who are at times entitled to unemployment benefits. You probably qualify for the unemployment benefits if your employer lays you off your responsibilities due to lack of work. Dominic’s case can be classified as frictional unemployment. It comes as a result of him moving between different locations (Tucker 170). Apart from moving to a new location, this form of unemployment could occur when a worker loses their job before they find a new one. For this case, one must look around for a job that suits their specialization, and this could take up considerable time. During the job search period, one is considered unemployed. Some states take time to make decisions concerning the eligibility of such cases to qualify for unemployment benefits. But, most workers who voluntarily quit their job, are fired, on leave or rather suspended by their employer are subject to such benefits. Francine case is described as seasonal unemployment. For this case, unemployment is higher during certain periods and lower on other occasions (Tucker 176). It occurs during recessions, especially whenever the demand for the goods and services within an economy falls. Most companies respond to

Retail Marketing (Marks & Spencer) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Marketing (Marks & Spencer) - Case Study Example The group's merchandise includes clothes, household goods and food sales, with their clothing line contributing half the revenues. It has also diversified into financial services that include accounts cards, pensions, loans, and life assurance and contributes about 5% of its total revenues. Marks and Spencer divides its operation as UK retail, International retail and financial services. The UK Retail division is its major chunk of the business and contributes the most to the turnover. It sells Women's wear, Men's wear, Lingerie, Children's wear, Beauty products, Household goods, and groceries. The International Retail business prevailed from Europe to North America to the Far East a well. The Financial services division offers personal insurance, personal loans and store cards. Until the late 1990's Marks & Spencer was largely successful and Marks & Spencer recorded highest profit growth in the years, 1997 and 1998. In 2000, Marks and Spencer launched lingerie outlets in Paris, Hamburg and Dusseldorf that met with considerable success. It is a leading seller of lingerie in the UK with a 20% market share. It introduced the "Per Una" clothing range designed by George Davies in 2001 that was received moderately well. However, strong competition from other retailers was a big problem for Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer had built its business by ensuring customers that the high quality of its products, warranted the higher price paid by the consumer. Its business model was to maintain UK sourcing for its products. Consequently when competitive retailers sourced from low cost Asian suppliers, Marks & Spencer found its core business model a great liability. Its margins would not let it keep up. Ultimately, when it had to be done, the strategy came a little too late. It also lost its appeal to the consumers. Product quality deteriorated and customer dissatisfaction caused it to lose a lot of its base. Its target segment was traditionally women aged 35 and above. However, statistically, the younger generation invest in fashions and styles than the target segment it was aiming at. Therefore Marks & Spencer also lost valuable potential target base in its marketing efforts. Its image as a mid priced company for the middle-aged segment drove these younger consumers to the rival high street retail fashion boutiques offering great discounts. The company did attempt measures like revamping the business model and opening the stores on Sundays, but the results were not good enough. Internal management issues It had serious internal issues and this instability led to low profit margins and loss of customer satisfaction. Sir Richard Greenbury who headed the company has often been blamed for the debacle. The style of management was supposed to be autocratic and feedback from the employees was not encouraged. The lack of input from the actual employees who were in touch with the consumers on a daily basis was a great disadvantage. There was no transparency in communication and therefore Marks & Spencer had no finger on the customer's pulse. It lost valuable information that should have driven its strategy. Managers had no decision making power and were unable to implement even small changes without top management approval. The top management had no perception of the external environments in which the stores operated and was

The 2012 Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded for the Essay

The 2012 Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded for the work leading to the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells. Why was this break-through so important - Essay Example The discovery that it is possible to reprogram somatic cells to return to their earlier pluripotent state has, however, offered a way around some of these ethical concerns. These reprogrammed somatic cells are referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and they show remarkable similarities embryonic stem cells. In addition, they also present a new and exciting research area, especially since it has the potential to transform fields such as regenerative medicine and developmental biology (Yildirim, 2013: p16). ES and iPS cells show remarkable similarities in that they are self renewing, which means that they are able to divide and indefinitely produce other copies of themselves (Yildirim, 2013: p42). Therefore, iPS cells can be used for the derivation of all types of specialized cells in the lab under conditions that are precisely controlled. Just like ES cells, iPS cells can aid in the understanding of how pluripotent cells develop into specialized cells and, in the future, they may provide unlimited supplies of tissues and cells to replace diseased ones in patients with diseases that are currently incurable. However, unlike ES cells, generation of iPS cells is not dependent on cells from embryos created earlier (Yildirim, 2013: p42). This means that the biggest barrier to stem cell research, i.e. the ethics of using live embryos for research, can be circumvented. In the development of disease therapy, the most important step involves understanding the exact workings of the disease, as well the exact aspects of bodily functions that go wrong. In order to do this, tissues and cells are required for study, especially those that are diseased. However, it is very difficult to obtain genuine cells from the brain of a Parkinson’s disease patient, particularly in the earlier stages during which the patient is unaware of their symptoms (Yildirim, 2013: p47).

Criminal Justice Questionaires Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice Questionaires - Essay Example After a rough draft is created, the researcher then analyzes the questions to see which ones are related to the variables list. The variables list contains the key concepts or theoretical constructs that are contained in the research question. Care is taken to ensure that questions cover every concept, and there is no duplication or excessive coverage of any one concept. (Hagan, 2000). For example, I am interested in studying the relationship of childrearing, self-control, and crime. Before I would formulate the questions to constitute my questionnaire, I would do some literature search. I would try to find out if there is a research gap or a strong reason for trying to study this topic. I would exploit a theory connected to these three constructs for my study, if feasible (Converse &Presser, 1986). Self-control theory has received extensive empirical attention in the past decade, but most studies have not tested its arguments about the effects of parenting on self-control and delinquency (Hay, 2001). Latimore, Tittle & Grasmick (2006) wrote that there is an emerging body of research suggesting that self-control may be dependent on things other than the childhood caregiving identified in self-control theory. They have examined Gottfredson & Hirschi's model of caregiving to produce high self-control using survey data from a city population of adults. Meanwhile, Carter Hay (2001) tried to test self-control theory in a possible relationship between parent

The Human Genome Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Human Genome Project - Essay Example As the reported given by the US Department of Energy said "The ultimate goal of this initiative is to understand the human genome" and "Knowledge of the human genome is as necessary to the continuing progress of medicine and other health sciences as knowledge of human anatomy has been for the present state of medicine." Officially, the project was founded in 1990 by the US Department of Energy and the US National institute of Health. It was estimated that the project would take 15 years, but advances in sequencing technology led to a faster completion of the project, the project being completed 2 years earlier that estimated, in 2003. Ari Patrinos, who is the head of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, led the Human genome project that was initiated by the US Department of Energy. However, in the US, the Department of Energy was not the only institution that explored the human genome. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also gave an effort in determining the huma n genome. From 1988 to 1992 the head of the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR), which was a part of NIH was James Watson, who in April 1993 was replaced with Francis Collins, due to issue of patenting genes. The NCHGR) was also renamed in 1997 into National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). ... At any given time, the Human Genome Project funded about 200 separate principal investigators. There were also many private research companies that conducted genome research. The most famous privetly owned company that was involved in the Human genome project was the company owned by Craig Venter and his company Celera Genomics, which gave considerable improvement to the project. It must be mentioned that this was also an international effort. There were at least 18 countries who had human genome research programs. Some of the larger programs are in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, European Union, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. Some developing countries also participated in the project, mainly by studying sequencing techniques for genome research. The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) coordinated this international effort. The estimated finances that were allocated to the Human genome project are around $ 3 billion. These not include the privately funded organizations and companies, but only the government projects. Celera Genomic states that around $ 300 million dollars were spend for the project, which was much less than the government-funded project. There were several main goals of the Human Genome project. The goals did not include only identifying the 3 billion nucleotides located in the DNA and to the discover 25 000 genes located there, but also to: Store this information in databases, Improve tools for data analysis, Transfer related technologies to the private sector, and Address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. Due to the massive funding, interest and international effort as well

Business research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business research methods - Essay Example Times have changed. People want more. Factors such as job satisfaction, pay, and contributions to the overall business are all influential in employee productivity, but it is the managers, the mid-level managers, that have the biggest influence over employee productivity. Incentive programs may be one of the most common forms of monetary compensation for Productivity. The use of incentives may be viewed to have a positive influence on employee attitudes and behavior. A number of private sector companies use monetary compensation as a way to influence its employees to perform at a higher level. Bonuses can be given to those employees that perform at a consistently high level. Incentive programs structured with employee input work best. Long-term incentives are more powerful than short-term incentive and certainly can lead to high motivation level among employees and lead to production. "If you begin rewarding for specific behavior, the purpose of that behavior becomes the receipt of rewards rather than the personal benefits of behaving in that manner. Incentives should be used to engender employees to be safe. You want to encourage an overall philosophy of safe behavior." (Billsims.com) Although increased wages are important, the perceived value of money varies among employees. There are also many other factors that can influence whether monetary incentives will have the desired motivational effect. Incentive or gain-sharing programmes often fail to produce expected results when employees think the programme is unfair. Outside factors can influence employee production. Other issues such as family disputes or crisis, emotional instability (depression), media perception of an agency etc, all affect employee production. â€Å"While healthy competition is a benefit to the agency, there is no need to create a hostile work environment because of resentment and animosity. Tension in the workplace can definitely cause employees to be less

Health Issues in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

Health Issues in the Philippines Essay Like any other third-world country, the Philippines have been struggling in some health issues and one of it is illegal drug use. A lot of Filipinos are addicted to prohibited drugs. However, the Philippine government has dealt with this issue and although there are still some recorded incidents of drug abuse, the number of drug dependents in the Philippines has gradually decreased. One major health issue in the Philippines, is malnutrition. There have been studies conducted and accordingly, most of the Filipinos that suffer from malnutrition are the poor ones. The Philippine government, thru the Department of Social Welfare and Developments along with the Department of Health has provided projects to help poor Filipinos from starvation. Other health issues in the Philippines are dengue cases, but then, these health concerns are only happening in the rural area of the country. Most of these cases are properly attended to by the Philippine government Health issues in the Philippines The Philippines have been struggling with some healthcare issues, one of the most noticeable being illegal drug use.There are a number of Filipinos who are said to be addicted to prohibited drugs. However, the Philippine governmenthas concentrated on this issue and although there are still some recorded incidents of drug abuse, the number of drug dependents has gradually decreased.Another serious health issue is malnutrition. Unsurprisingly, the poorer citizens are the ones who suffer from thiscondition. The Philippine government, through the Department of Social Welfare and Development and in conjunction with the Department of Health, has initiated projects to help its poorer citizens who suffer from starvation.Cases of dengue are also notable. However, most of these cases are properly attended to by the Philippine government.

Comparison Of Different Types Of Ic Design Computer Science Essay

Comparison Of Different Types Of Ic Design Computer Science Essay The topic of this assignment is to compare on different types of IC design. Therefore, we must first understand the meaning of IC. An IC, integrated circuit, is also known as microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip. It is a small electronic circuit that consists of semiconductor devices and other passive components. These components are manufactured on a ceramic or plastic container. Internal connections are welded from the chip to different number of external pins depending on the chips function. IC design means that using logic and circuit design techniques to design and produce integrated circuits. It requires pathways so that information can flow properly and small electrical components are organized to maximize space so that computer systems can be as small as possible. Living in this modern age of data information, we need to design faster and smaller IC to increase our daily life quality and to catch up with the technology. IC design is classified mainly into two categories of analog and digital IC design. Digital IC design is the most widely used in daily life such as microprocessor, FPGAs, memories (RAM, ROM, and flash) and digital ASICs. On the other hand, analog IC is used in the design of sensors, power management circuits, and operational amplifiers. The figure of IC is shown below : Figure 1(a) Figure 1(b) (Adapted from introduction to ASIC, http://iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/asics/Book2/CH01/CH01.htm [1]) Figure  1(a) shows an IC chip where the pins will fit into holes in a printed-circuit board or breadboard. Figure  1(b), the silicon chip (more properly known as a die) is fitted in the cavity under the sealed lid. A more detail classification of IC based on digital and analog is as follow : Chart 1 : Hierarchical classification of IC Referring to chart 1, as we are more interested in the branch of digital IC design, I expand more on its hierarchy compare to others. I will first compare between analog and digital IC design. Then I will explain on the advantages of each of them and mixed-signal IC design. Next, I will compare and explain on full custom and semi-custom IC follow by a simple explanation of silicon compilation as it is not discussed in lectures. After that, I will compare gate array, standard cell and PLDs. Content Analog, digital and mixed signal IC design The comparison between analog and digital IC design is tabled as below : Characteristics Analog IC design Digital IC design Noise More susceptible to noise Less noise Precision Less precise More precise Design difficulty Harder to design Easier to design Complexity High Low Power consumption Low High Heat dissipation Low High Design work Demands strong understanding of the principles, concepts and techniques done by copying and reusing the same circuit functions or library Life cycle 10years 1 to 2 years Cost Low High Information storage Noise from aging degrades information noise-immunity makes information not degraded Table 1 : Comparison between analog IC design and digital IC design Analog IC design In analog IC design, the analog signals take any value from a given range, and each unique signal value represents different information. It is often found in op-amps, linear regulators, phase locked loops, oscillators and active filters. Therefore, a slight change in the signal may affect the design. For example, an analog signal is used to represent temperature, with one volt representing one degree Celsius. Therefore, 10 volts would produce 10 degrees, and 10.1 volts would produce 10.1 degrees. Analogue IC design produces noise, which is a random disturbance, variation or random thermal vibrations of atomic particles. Since any changes in an analogue signal is significant, any disturbance will change in the original signal and appears as noise. As the signal is copied and re-copied, or transmitted over long distances, these random variations become more significant and lead to signal degradation. Other sources of noise may include external electrical signals or poorly designed com ponents. These disturbances are reduced by shielding, and using low-noise amplifiers.[2] However, some irreducible noise such as the shot noise in components will make an analog IC design imprecise. When designing an analog circuit, the choice of every single component, size, placement, and connection is crucial. Every small detail such as the resistance, placement and number of resistor, will affect the performance of final result. Therefore, designing an analog IC requires strong understanding of the principles, concepts and techniques. Hence, it is said that analog IC design is much more complex compare to digital IC design. It is harder to design because analogue circuit must be designed by hand, and the process is much less automated than digital IC. However, once an analog IC is designed successfully with high signal to noise ratio, low distortion, low power consumption, high reliability and stability, it can have a life cycle of more than 10 years. As a result of the long lif e cycle, the price of analog IC is low. Digital IC design A digital IC is designed to accept only input voltages of specific values and it uses only two states which are the binary quantities, on and off representing 1 and 0 or true and false. This is achieved by using the logic of Boolean algebra. The three basic logic functions in a digital IC are NOT, AND, and OR. A truth table is needed to design a digital IC. As discussed in the lectures, the design of digital systems is divided into combinational systems, which is a representation of a set of logic functions, and sequential systems, which are state machines. It is often found in microprocessors, FPGAs, memories (RAM, ROM, and flash) and digital ASIC. Digital IC design produces less noise or even no noise. Digitally represented signals are transmitted using binary sequence of 1 and 0. It can be reconstructed, retransmitted or transmitted over long distance without any error provided the noise during transmission is unable to alter the 1s and 0s. Hence, digital IC is more precise compare to analog IC. Even in a compact disc of around 6 billion binary digits, the information or data can be presented precisely because each digit is handled by the same kind of hardware and there is no noise in the handling process. Digital IC is easier to design because it is controlled by software such as electronic design automation tools (EDA) so that functions can be altered without changing the hardware. If consumers detect error, they can simply upgrade the software to rectify the error. As digital IC is almost immune to noise, information can be stored and retrieved completely and precisely without any damage or degradation. However, there are some disadvantages of digital IC. Because digital IC is very dense in circuitry, digital circuits use more energy than analog circuits to accomplish the same tasks, thus producing more heat. In portable or battery-powered systems this can limit use of digital systems.[3] Digital IC emphasizes on speed and cost ratio computing to achieve the lowest possible cost with the highest operating speed. Designers must use more efficient algorithms to process digital signals, or use new process to improve the integration cost. Therefore, the life cycle of digital IC is very short, about 1 year -2 years and the cost is higher than analog IC.[4] Since digital circuits involve millions of times as many components as analog circuits, much of the design work is done by copying and reusing the same circuit functions, especially by using digital design software that contains libraries of pre-structured circuit components. [5] Mixed signal IC design A mixed-signal integrated circuit is any integrated circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a single semiconductor die.[6] Mixed-signal can be found in ADC or DAC and digital radio chips. Since mixed-signal IC requires both analog and digital design, it is usually designed for a very specific purpose and because of that, their design requires a high level of expertise and careful use of computer aided design (CAD) tools. Therefore this type of design is very complicated andcostly. Full-custom and semi-custom IC design The comparison between analog and digital IC design is tabled as below : Characteristics Full-custom IC design Semi-custom IC design Circuits Customized Predesigned Manufacturing time Long Short Performance Maximize Moderate Area of IC Minimize Moderate Cost High Low Table 2 : comparison between full-custom and semi-custom IC design Full-custom IC design Full-custom design is a methodology for designing integrated circuits by specifying the layout of each individual transistor, logic cells, mask layers and the interconnections between them.[7] Basically, the IC is designed from scratch and tailor-made to meet the requirement of a specific purpose. The main goal of having a full-custom design is to maximize the performance and minimize the area of an IC. Therefore, a lot of researches and studies are needed to produce a full-custom IC which results in very high production cost and long manufacturing period. Usually, full-custom IC is catered for large production so that the high production cost is fully utilized. Full-custom IC is produced from time to time when there is no suitable existing libraries available that can be used for the design. This is because existing libraries are outdated or consume too much power. Semi-custom IC design Semi-custom IC design can be partly customized to serve different functions within its general area of application.[8] It allows a certain extend of modification during the manufacturing process. It has the diffused layer fully defined but the libraries of pre-structured circuit components with the same circuit functions can be reused. This can save a lot of time and cost to in producing a semi-custom IC design. Therefore, the manufacturing cost if low and it is used widely in almost every IC design around the world. Semi-custom IC design is further classified into 3 groups which are gate array, standard cell and programmable logic devices circuits. Silicon compilation IC design Silicon compilation is to use a software system that takes a users specifications and automatically generates an integrated circuit (IC).[9] Generally, a designer is given a description of the system, by using a silicon compiler, mask and test information are produced which is either a simple combinational circuit or a finite state machine. The first step of silicon compilation is Convert a hardware-description language such as Verilog or VHDL or FpgaC into logic. Next, we shall place the logic gates on the IC followed by routing the standard cells together to form the desired logic.[9] A drawback of this method of IC design is that most of the silicon compilers do not utilize the area of silicon efficiently. Therefore, it is usually produced in small volume. It may used to generate simple cells to build up standard cell libraries.[10] Gate array, standard cell and programmable logic devices (PLDs) IC The comparison between gate array, standard cell and programmable logic devices circuits is tabled as below : Characteristics Gate array Standard cell PLDs (FPGA) Flexibility Flexible Very flexible Less flexible Risk Less risky Less risky Risky Manufacturing Cost Moderate Cheap Expensive Manufacturing Difficulty Moderate Easy Very complex Manufacturing time Shortest Short Moderate Silicon size Moderate Small Limited Speed Slow Moderate Fast Heat dissipation Low Moderate High Table 3 : Comparison between gate array, standard cell and PLDs (FPGA) IC Gate array IC In a gate-array-based IC, the transistors, logic gates and other active devices are predefined on the silicon wafer. The only uncompleted part of the creation is the final surface layer, which defines the interconnect between the elements. Connecting these elements allows the function of the IC to be customized. Therefore, it is very flexible and less risky since it uses predefined elements. Furthermore, adding a surface layer of interconnects requires only a small cost and short time to complete. However, the chips designed using gate array techniques are a bit bigger in silicon area than standard cell IC, which makes them more expensive and harder to manufacture.[11] Standard cell IC In standard cell IC, different sizes of predesigned cells are used and a big combination of cells can be formed which is known as mega cells. Mega cells can be found in microcontroller or microprocessor. These cells, which consist of logic functions such as gates, latches, buffers and flip-flops, are known as standard cell library. Designer only needs to define only the placement of the standard cells and the interconnects in a standard cell IC.[12] Standard cell IC is flexible because it uses both digital and analog functions. The transistor sizes can be changed to improve speed and performance. It has a smaller silicon size and therefore a more compact are compare to gate array IC. In addition, it has faster speed which results in higher heat dissipation. (Adapted from Standard-Cell-Based ASICs, http://iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/asics/Book2/CH01/CH01.1.htm#pgfId=1331)[1] Figure 2 shows A cell-based IC die with a single standard-cell area (a flexible block) together with four fixed blocks. Programmable logic devices IC PLD is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits an undefined function at the time of manufacture.[13] Before starting to implement PLD in a circuit, it must be configured or programmed to create a part customized to a specific application. This makes PLD a very flexible design to fulfill any custom specification. However, the limited size ( (adapted from Programmable Logic Devices, http://iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/asics/Book2/CH01/CH01.1.htm)[1] Figure 2 shows a PLD die. The macrocells typically consist of programmable array logic followed by a flip-flop or latch. The macrocells are connected using a large programmable interconnect block.

Difficulty With Essays -- Writing Education Writer Essays

Difficulty With Essays Trying to write an essay is difficult. Reading a book with the very nicely written essays is great and allows me to see examples of good essays. Suggestions such as the journalist’s questions, mapping, brainstorming, and idea books give support and guidance that are supposed to be helpful. After reading all the material of what goes into an essay and the helpful suggestions to get me started in the right direction, such as ways to overcome writer’s block, it is time to begin. Still nothing; I just sit there in front of the computer. I ask myself, how can I use all of the useful information that has been given to me? I try mapping and brainstorming, but a topic or idea is needed. Frustration, irritation, and confusion are very strong emotions I have at this point. I go back to the text and reread one of the stories, and something clicks. An experience comes to me that can be related easily to one of the stories in the required text, so I begin. Ideas for the essay pop into my head. Writing begins fast at first with all the examples found, personal experiences I can write about, and the thoughts evoked by the story that was read or idea I came up with. When rereading what has been put down on paper or typed on the computer, it all of a sudden becomes unclear or out of focus as to what those written words have to do with the thesis or the story. The ideas somehow have nothing to do with what I was trying to convey. The frustration of what is in my head and what I want to put down on paper is intense. When taking my ideas to someone to run by them, again the ideas sound great and clear. I do not know how many times I have heard, â€Å"That’s great! Write it like you just told me.† How did ... ...the ideas that I am trying to express in my essay? How do I get them to come across to the reader in sentences that make sense? How do I come up with enough of them to cover the amount of pages required? The Webster’s Pocket Dictionary and Thesaurus are my only insight into the world of words and their meaning or usage. How wonderful it would be to have the ability to sit down and just write colorful and animated essays without frustration, irritation, and confusion. I can see my fingers flying across the keyboard, putting down words that make sense to the reader and me. What a thought! Someday this might happen, but until it does reality returns and I am once again asking myself if what I am writing is good enough. Work Cited Valeri-Gold, Maria, and Mary P. Deming. Making Connection Through Reading and Writing. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1994.

The Home Depot Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Home Depot Introduction Retailing building supply stores have become a popular retail industry sector due to increased public awareness and the need of many homeowners for the home improvement products. Back in the 1970s, long before warehouse stores ruled home improvement land, do-it-yourselfers shopped at â€Å"home centers.† These 30,000 square foot stores offered cheaper prices and wider selection of products, about 25,000 more than local hardware stores and eliminated the extra trip to the lumberyard. The dependence of many of these retailers upon the homebuilding industry for much of their business has also been reduced and the warehouse superstores, such as Home Depot, have become more important. The smaller companies in the retail building supply industry are facing economic difficulties as the industry leaders continue to dominate and warehouse super centers are becoming more evident. Company Overview Founded in 1978, The Home Depot is the world largest home improvement retailer and the third largest retailer in the United States followed by Lowe’s Companies, Inc. At the end of fiscal year 1999, the company was operating 930 stores, including 854 Home Depot stores, 15 Expo Design Center stores and 2 Villager’s Hardware stores in the United States; 53 Homes Depot in Canada; 4 Home Depot stores in Chile; and 2 Home Depot stores in Puerto Rico. In addition, they operated wholly owned subsidiaries Apex Supply Company, Georgia Lighting, Maintenance Warehouse and National Blinds and Wallpaper. They approximately employed 201,000 associates at the end of the year. The company has been publicly held since 1981. In 1978 when Bernard Marcus and Arthur Blank, executives with Handy Dan Home Improvement Centers, found themselves out of work after a corporate takeover at Handy Dan. Joined by Ronald Brill another Handy Dan employee; and Pat Farrah, former owner of Homeco, the world’s first home improvement warehouse, they mapped out plan for a bigger and better store catering to the needs of do-it-yourselfers. These Warehouse type stores, each averaging about 130,000 square feet, stock 40,000 to 50,000 home improvement products and are aimed mainly at the do-it-yourself trade. The stores however also attract many professional-building contractors. Products include lumber, floor and wall covering, hardware, paint, plumbing supplies, and tools. Home... ...eferences Lowe’s Companies, Inc. Declares Cash Dividend, PR Newswire, June 12, 2000 In an Expansion Mode, Lowe’s Sharpens its Customer Focus, The Weekly Newspaper for the Home Furnishing Network, June 5, 2000 p19 Lowe’s Companies Inc., The wall Street Journal, June 1, 2000 Lowe’s Outlines Focus on Customers at Annual Meeting, Pr Newswire, May 26, 2000 Lowe’s Eyes Markets for Growth, Corporate Financing Week, April 17, 2000, p3 Retailing building supply industry, The value Line Investment Survey, April 14,2000, p881 Lowe’s Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1999, Available at: http://www.Lowes.com/ Home Depot Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1999, Available at: http://homedepot.com/ Customer Service that is above and beyond, Philadelphia Business Journal, April 7, 2000 p42 We’re No.1 The Market Loves Top Dogs. Should you?, Fortune, March 6,2000 p446 The Home Depot reports 29% Increase in First Quarter Net Earning; Comparable Store Sales up 7%, PR Newswire, May 16, 2000 The Home Depot Looks to Floor Industry; Test Store Opens in Dallas this Summer, The weekly Newspaper for the Home Furnishing Network, March 27, 2000 p1 Carving a New Niche, Do It Yourself Retailing, September 1999, p49

“My Personal Tutor” : A Software For Children

Choosing educational software for children is certainly not an easy task. Because so many options are available, it is easy to be overwhelmed by all the vividly colored packages, the intriguing characters, and fantastic claims of academic enhancements. How in the world does one actually choose? Fortunately, all is not lost. A software package is available, which truly encompasses those qualities, and does so without assaulting the purchaser†s pocketbook. My Personal Tutor by Microsoft, is a budget sensitive, educational enhancement package for children, with exciting graphics and an incredible academic framework. For this reason, a recent review of this program stated that â€Å"Microsoft has made a great contribution to children†s learning† (Dr. Toy). In fact, My Personal Tutor is the best choice of children†s educational software. The activities in My Personal Tutor facilitate learning in vital academic disciplines. Because of the technological advancement of our society, today†s students require more strength in critical thinking, reading, and math skills than ever before. This three CD set is dedicated to enhancing skills in those areas. For example, in Turru†s Sea Quest, the student further develops thinking skills in order to advance through the game format. By solving unfinished sentences, analyzing and completing number or shape patterns, challenging memory with matching, and matching analog compared to digital time, the child assists Captain Scratch in setting free the endangered sea creatures. In another CD, Sam†s Hide & Seek, the child strengthens reading skills in a virtual museum, with six separate rooms where the child plays interactive word games or reads stories in order to help Sam find his friends. However, the word games are not simple mindless entertainment. For instance, by solving incomplete sentences a story emerges. During this process, an amusing, vividly colored picture is painted depicting the story the child is creating. In another challenging exercise, the student reads stories and answers questions relating to the story content in order to gain points, thereby fostering comprehension. Finally, in a third CD, the child†s world becomes an incredible space station where the goal is to help a new friend, Spy, capture alien stowaways. In Spy†s Space Station, traditional math of the past is transformed into exciting activities, which virtually hold the child hostage with interest. To illustrate, in the Astro Disco, one of the six areas in the space station, the dancers are victims to zero gravity. The student†s job is to fit the helpless dancers with the proper number of gravity boots, so they may come down from the ceiling. Once the task is complete, the appreciative dancers take the floor, performing an exciting dance for their rescuer. In a different area, the student may choose to solve currency equations in order to purchase clothing for the undercover alien police. What†s more, in yet another area, the child recycles space junk by sorting according to greater than, equal to, or less than, in order to make tools needed for the station. Although the academic tutorials within this set are comprehensive and truly without compare, the overall success of this set lies in its ability to captivate and sustain the student†s attention. Through well-designed game objectives, My Personal Tutor generates long term interest. All the activities are designed as a means to an end, regardless of whether that end is setting free endangered sea creatures, finding hidden friends in a museum, or catching alien stowaways on a space station. The goals are met methodically, through a sense of teamwork with the lively characters in their respective worlds. The interactive characters are encouraging throughout the challenge, supporting the player, and encouraging him or her to continue. After the player has met a goal, an exciting celebration takes place. Even more, if the child has permission, he or she can print a colorful picture as a memento of the success. Irrespective of the shower of accolades by children, parents too have many reasons for excitement about this set. Parents can feel confident that the purchase of this set is a cost-effective enhancement to the child†s education, as well as an excellent source of reinforcement for vital social skills. The price of $14. 95, after the rebate, is trivial in comparison to all that is included in this set. In fact, with more than 1000 multimedia tutorials, over 70 learning objectives, adjustable levels of difficulty, and ongoing progress reports (Microsoft Kids), justifying a price of even five times that amount would be easy. However, educational enhancement is not the only quality this set encompasses. Many implicit lessons are delicately woven into the activities. Specifically, setting and methodically working toward a goal. In fact, every activity within this set is goal oriented. In addition, the ideal of working together is effectively designed within all the game formats. In other words, this set truly encompasses the full range of essential skills necessary for success in the first and second grade levels. Therefore, My Personal Tutor surpasses the parent†s expectations for an educational enhancement program. A common goal among parents is that their child be healthy, happy, and ultimately reach his or her maximum potential. It is believed that a sound education will help open doors in order for that dream to become a reality. To that end, parents often devote much time and effort to improving the quality of their child†s education. Therefore, it is understandable for a parent to have high expectations of an educational enhancement program purchased for their child. My Personal Tutor fulfills even the highest of such expectations. My Personal Tutor provides an incredibly comprehensive academic framework, consisting of strengthening exercises in critical thinking, reading, and math skills. These tutorials are skillfully designed in such a manner as to reframe the concept of such disciplines. Through the activities in this set, exercises in math, reading, and critical thinking are transformed from drudgery into a mission filled with fun and excitement, where the child works with others in order to meet a goal. What more could a parent ask for? For this reason, My Personal Tutor by Microsoft is the best choice of children†s educational enhancement software.

Gender in The Storm, by Kate Chopin Essay

Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm,† is a story about adultery, focused on a housewife by the name of Calixta, who is expected to undertake household chores as the principal goal of her everyday life. The woman had had a flirtation with Alcee years before the story took place. Chopin informs the reader about the current situation between Calixta and Alcee: â€Å"She had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone† – certainly for the reason that the woman was not expected to see a man who was not her husband very often, and by herself. The woman has suppressed emotions and passions for Alcee, who too is married to another. The fact that she has suppressed emotions is revealed by her unspoken permission granted to Alcee to have a sexual encounter with her. She does not resist the encounter. However, being a man, Alcee is the one who begins to touch the woman as a way to start the sexual encounter. The woman responds with â€Å"generous abundance of her passion (Chopin). † At the same time, Calixta’s husband is at the general store where he probably went to fetch viands for the household and has been stopped by the storm. Thus, the story uses gender to inform the reader about perceived gender roles during the time it was written. As mandated by her gender role, it is perfectly normal for Calixta, a housewife, to be engrossed in housework while her husband is out. She is sewing a cotton sheet and involved in other household tasks when the storm arrives. She is airing out her husband, Bobinot’s Sunday clothing on the porch. Her husband is visiting the general store with their son, Bibi, because he is expected to purchase goods for the household, being the man of the family and the breadwinner who must keep account of the household purchases and buy only that which his family truly needs. If Calixta had gone to the general store instead, perhaps she would have spent indiscriminately and unwisely. Thus, men and women have different roles to play in â€Å"The Storm. † When Alcee arrives at Calixta’s doorstep to seek shelter from the storm, it appears as though the woman had been sleeping through her housework. Chopin writes: â€Å"His voice and her own startled her as if from a trance†¦. † What is more, the woman has been so focused on her housework that she begins talking excitedly about her work at first. She also talks about preparing her house for the storm. It is her responsibility, after all, to stay in charge of the entire household while the man of the house is away. Hence, she has to gather up the cotton sheet she had been sewing before the arrival of Alcee. With no housework left between the man and the woman, they are prepared to play their gender roles in a sexual encounter. When Alcee grabs the woman close to himself, Chopin describes Calixta’s first reaction thus: â€Å"Bonte! She cried, releasing herself from his arms encircling arms and retreating to the window†¦ If I only knew were Bibi was! † After remembering for a brief moment her marital role that demands her to stay faithful to her husband in her sex life, through which she gave birth to Bibi, Calixta easily submits to Alcee’s sexual move. As a man, Alcee was required to make the first sexual move. As a woman, Calixta had to submit because she desired the man. Furthermore, as a woman she was required by the perception of her gender to try modesty at first by resisting the sexual move. Once she has stopped resisting a sexual encounter with Alcee, Calixta gives in to the experience by thoroughly enjoying her sexual role just as Alcee takes great pleasure in his. After the sexual encounter and the storm, Alcee leaves Calixta’s house, and both appear happy as they smile through their respective gender roles, which apparently have been played rather well and would continue to do so. When Calixta’s husband returns home, she pretends as though nothing extraordinary has happened. Things get back to normal. Calixta never thinks about relating the experience to her husband. As a woman, she cannot dream of discussing the experience with her husband. Alcee, on the other hand, returns to his own house to write a letter to his wife stating that he is enjoying himself very much, and she too must enjoy her vacation. As a husband, Alcee is required to keep in touch with his wife, informing her about his state so as to touch base. Like Calixta, Alcee also does not mention to his spouse that he had had a sexual encounter with another. Rather, both the man and the woman are required to stay faithful to their spouses. Gender roles are fixed, and so both Calixta and Alcee are expected to continue playing their gender roles in their marriages as well as in society after their adulterous encounter. Neither is expected to share with society any information about the adulterous encounter, because society does not tolerate the breaking of marital norms. Moreover, Calixta is expected to continue being engrossed in her household chores, and sleeping through them when she must. Bobinot and Alcee, on the other hand, are expected to continuing fending for their families, and going to general stores to purchase household goods. When Bibi grows up, he too is expected to behave like Bobinot and Alcee – the breadwinners of their families. Thus, gender roles would not depart from society during the time of â€Å"The Storm. † Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Storm. † 1898. 20 Oct. 2007. .

A Young Lady With Feet Swelling Health And Social Care Essay

A 29-year-old Indonesian domestic assistant, Ms MH, was admitted to medical section, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, complaining of bilateral pess and mortise joints swelling and bubbling piss for 1 hebdomad. There was no hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequence, urgency, febrility, joint hurting, tegument roseolas, sore pharynx, recent upper respiratory piece of land symptoms or GI symptoms. She denied taking any herbs or nonprescription medicines. Her past medical history and household history were everyday. She was a non-smoker, and denied history of unprotected sex. She recalled that her first twenty-four hours of last catamenial period was approximately 2 hebdomads before the admittance. On scrutiny, she was afebrile, with bosom rate 103 beats per minute and blood force per unit area 144/71mmHg. She had periorbital hydrops, facial swelling and opposing hydrops of 4 limbs. There was no lividness. Her fundoscopic scrutiny was normal. Jugular venous force per unit area was elevated. On ausc ultation, her thorax was clear, her bosom beat was regular with a non-displaced cardiac vertex, and there was no bosom mutter. Abdominal scrutiny did non uncover any abdominal mass or bruit. She did non hold any skin roseolas or joint puffiness. Dipstick uranalysis showed 3+blood, 2+protein, and negative for glucose. Urine gestation trial was negative. Her blood trial showed normochromic, normocystic anemia ( haemoglobin degree 10.5g/dL ) and deranged nephritic map trial ( serum creatinine: 168i? ­mol/L ) . Her white cell count was 10.4 ten 10^9/L, the albumin degree was 24g/L and the liver map trial was normal. Her serum entire cholesterin degree was 5.2mmol/L, low denseness lipoprotein degree was 3.7mmol/L and fasting plasma glucose was 4.5mmol/L. The everyday microscopy of piss was positive for ruddy blood cell, ruddy cell dramatis personae, and was negative for white blood cell. The urine sum protein was 1.13g/day and the creatinine clearance was 10 mL/min. Mid-stream piss for civilization was negative. The clinical image was compatible with nephritic syndrome or quickly progressive glomerulonephritis ( RPGN ) , and anemia. Further probes showed that serum anti-nuclear antibodies ( ANA ) , antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies ( ANCA ) , anti-streptolysin O ( ASO ) antibody, and anti-glomerular cellar membrane ( anti-GBM ) antibody titres were undetectable. Serum C3 and C4 complement degrees were normal. Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, serum cryoglobulin and blood civilization were negative. Ultrasound scan of nephritic system revealed normal-sized kidneys with increased echogenicity, which was suggestive of nephritic parenchymal disease. Nephritic biopsy confirmed Immunoglobulin ( Ig ) A nephropathy. The reticulocyte count was normal, peripheral vilification showed mild poikilocytosis, and serum Fe profile was non implicative of Fe lack. Faecal supernatural blood trials were negative in all of the 3 stool specimens. Serum and urine paraprotein were n egative, and bone marrow scrutiny showed active marrow. Ms. MH was given low dose frusemide for diagnostic alleviation of peripheral hydrops, and was given angiotensin change overing enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) for control of blood force per unit area. She was assessed by nephrologist and was suggested to go on these medicines, and to mention to renal clinic for consideration of steroid therapy when serum creatinine is on increasing tendency or when albuminuria progresses to nephrotic scope. She tolerated the medicines and was on a regular basis followed up in the medical out-patient clinic. Discussion ** ( entire words for instance history and treatment must be 1000-2000 ) : Ms MH, a healthy 29-year-old lady, presented with 1 hebdomad history of dependent hydrops, high blood pressure, microscopic hematuria, and a low grade of albuminuria ( urine sum protein: 1.13g/day ) . Urine microscopy revealed white blood cell, ruddy blood cell and ruddy cell dramatis personae. This clinical image is compatible with glomerulonephritis, which can be loosely classified into renal-limited primary glomerulonephritis or secondary glomerulonephritis perplexing systemic disease. Further blood trial for serologic markers of glomerulonephritis, viz. ANA, ANCA, anti-GBM antibody, ASO titres, hepatitis serology, blood civilizations and cryoglobulin titres were undetectable, therefore excepting secondary glomerulonephritis. Nephritic biopsy remains the gilded criterion for unequivocal diagnosing of glomerulonephritis. The biopsy specimen can be examined under the light microscopy in order to find the primary histopathological hurt to the uriniferous tubule. Under light microscopy, immunofluorescence survey is able to place three major forms of deposition of Ig, viz. farinaceous, additive and dearth of immunofluorescence staining. Farinaceous deposition of Ig is a trademark of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Linear deposition of Ig along the glomerular cellar membrane is characteristic of anti-GBM disease. Dearth of Ig and positive circulating ANCA represent glomerulonephritis caused by ANCA-related vasculitis. ( 1 ) Ms MH was eventually diagnosed to hold IgA kidney disease, which is the commonest cause of primary glomerulonephritis throughout the universe. ( 2 ) Typical oncoming of the disease is in the 2nd and 3rd decennaries of life, as manifested by our instance. Majority of patients are diagnosed during an rating for symptomless microscopic hematuria or mild albuminurias. Macroscopic, and frequently perennial, hematuria that occurs shortly after an upper respiratory tract infection is a authoritative but less common presentation. Patient with IgA kidney disease may besides presented with nephrotic-range albuminurias, RPGN or, seldom, malignant high blood pressure. ( 3,4 ) As demonstrated by our instance, the complement degree is typically normal in IgA nephropathy. Light-microscopically, IgA nephropathy can change from mild mesangial proliferation and enlargement to spread proliferation with glomerular crescents. Immunofluorescence staining typically showed farinaceous deposition of Ig, decl arative mood of immune complex glomerulonephritis. ( 1 ) Ms MH was put on ACEI for blood force per unit area control. There are groundss that patterned advance of IgA kidney disease may be slowed by ACEI and angiotonin II receptor blockers ( ARB ) . ( 5,6 ) The drugs act by cut downing the intra-glomerular force per unit area and by straight bettering the size-selective belongingss of the glomerular capillary wall, lending to their anti-hypertensive and anti-proteinuric consequence. ( 1 ) In a randomized controlled test, 44 patients with biopsy-proven IgA kidney disease, proteinuria more than or equal to 0.5 gram/d, and serum creatinine less that or equal to 1.5 mg/dL ( 133 umol/L ) were indiscriminately assigned either to have Vasotec or to a control group in whom blood force per unit area was controlled with anti-hypertensives other than ACEI or ARB. At followup of about seven old ages, nephritic endurance, defined as lupus erythematosus that a 50 per centum addition in the serum creatinine concentration, was significantly more likely in the Vasotec group than in the control group: 92 % versus 55 % ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . There was a important lessening in albuminuria in the Vasotec group, whereas an addition in albuminuria was observed in the control group ( P & A ; lt ; 0.001 between groups ) . Control of blood force per unit area was similar in the two groups. In decision, ACEI significantly improves nephritic endurance in proteinuric IgA kidney disease with norm al or reasonably impaired nephritic map. ( 5 ) High blood pressure, albuminuria of more than 1 gram per twenty-four hours, impaired nephritic map at the clip of diagnosing, relentless microscopic hematuria, and high glomerular histopathological tonss stand out as consistent and strong forecasters of hapless nephritic endurance harmonizing to literatures and cohort surveies from around the universe. ( 3,7,8 ) Ms MH demonstrates the first three hapless predictive factors of the above list and therefore she is expected to be at hazard of holding progressive disease in following few old ages. IgA kidney disease is a global disease and the cause of end-stage nephritic failure in 15-20 per centum of patients within 10 old ages and in 30 to 40 per centum of persons within 20 old ages from evident oncoming of disease. Harmonizing to Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews in the 3rd one-fourth of 2009, the optimum direction of IgA nephropathy remains unsure. Consequences from small-scaled randomised controlled tests favoured the usage of immunosuppressive intercessions, with the most promising agent being steroids, which were associated with a lower hazard of patterned advance to end-stage nephritic failure ( comparative hazard [ RR ] 0.44, 95 % assurance interval [ CI ] 0.25 to 0.8 ) and lower urinary protein elimination ( leaden mean difference [ WMD ] -0.49 g/day, 95 % CI -0.72 to -0.120 ) . Urinary protein elimination was lower for patients treated with alkylating agents or cyclosporin compared to placebo or no intervention. Further survey is necessary to determine which pa tients would profit from these intercessions. ( 9 ) Tables and figures ( non more than 2 ) : Reference ( non more than 10 ) : ** Brady HR, O'Meara YM, Brenner BM. Glomerular diseases. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et Al, explosive detection systems. Harrison ‘s rules of internal medical specialty, 16th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005:1674-94. Julian BA, Waldo FB, Rifai A, Mestecky J. IgA kidney disease, the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. A ignored disease in the United States? Am J Med, 1988 ; 84:129-132. Donadio JV, Grande JP. IgA nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2002 ; 347:738-48. Li PKT, Lai KN. IgA nephropathy in Hong Kong. Journal of the Hong Kong Medial Association, 1989 ; 1:93-5. Praga M, Gutierrez E, Gonzalez E, Morales E. Treatment of IgA nephropathy with ACE inhibitors: A randomized and controlled test. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2003 ; 14:1578-83. Li PK, Leung CB, Chow KM, Cheng YL, Fung SK, Mak SK, Tang AW, Wong TY, Yung CY, Yung JC, Yu AW, Szeto CC ; HKVIN Study Group. Hong Kong survey utilizing Diovans in IgA nephropathy ( HKVIN ) : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled survey. Am J Kidney Dis, 2006 ; 47:751-60. Li J, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Li G, Zou W, Wang H. Natural history of Ig A kidney disease and prognostic factors of forecast: a long-run follow up of 204 instances in China. Nephrology, 2008 ; 13:242-6. Chacko B, John GT, Neelakantan N, Korula A, Balakrishnan N, Kirubakaran MG, Jacob CK. Presentation, forecast and result of IgA kidney disease in Indian grownups. Nephrology, 2005 ; 10:496-503 Barkat R, Molony DA, Samuels JA. Immunosuppressive agents for handling IgA kidney disease. Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews. 3rd One-fourth, 2009No of words ( excepting mentions ) : ____1260 _____**The instance study will be REJECTED if the campaigners fail to adhere to the above format.DeclarationI do solemnly and unfeignedly declare that the instance study submitted represents my ain work. I have been in clinical contact with the instance selected. The instance study has non been submitted to any assessment board or publication and it is NOT related to my 2nd forte ( Internet Explorers ) , if any. My consent is herewith given to the College to maintain a transcript of my instance study, in written and/or electronic, at the College Secretariat and let the populace to hold free entree to the work for mention.______________________( Signed by _______________ )

Distinctive Periods in History Essay

1. Discuss the causes of the Protestant Reformation. Which do you feel are most important? Why? The Protestant Reformation was caused by a number of cumulative factors ranging from socio-political developments during the 1600s to several blatant weaknesses in the Catholic Church. The socio-political factors range from the ongoing European decentralization during that period with the rise of independent nation states and the breakdown of a formerly medieval set-up under the leadership of the Pope.   Meanwhile, the causes for the breakdown of the medieval society were owed to the Black Death caused by the bubonic plague and the Hundred Years’ War between France and England. Another socio-political factor was the rise of the renaissance period wherein there was a renewed interest in humanism and a rebirth and rediscovery of the ancient arts and culture. Oh the other side of the spectrum, visible weaknesses in the Catholic Church caused a lot of discontent and rebels even among the most faithful within the Roman Catholic organization – the monks and the nuns.   The weaknesses can be further categorized as administrative divisions within the Catholic Church hierarchy, the proliferation of questionable rituals and practices, and rampant corruption and abuse of power in Church. The most blatant abuse came in the form of the sale of indulgences, certificates of remission from Purgatory and Simony or sale of higher Catholic offices to the highest bidder. However, the most important factor of the collapse of the control of the Roman Catholic Church over its followers is primarily because of the exclusion of the ordinary and regular people of direct communication with their God.   Earlier practices, literature and celebration of the Sunday Mass were all done in Latin.   Only the most educated and privileged sectors of society had access to the language.   Hence, the majority of the people felt alienated to it own religion.   Soon, several sects and break off organizations from the original Catholic practice of Christianity began to form their own groups and organizations. Some credit the start of this movement of Protestant Reformation to the posting of martin Luther King’s â€Å"95 Thesis on the Power of Indulgence† on October 13, 1517. It was a straight protest of the corruption of the Catholic Church and the inability of the Pope leadership to bring the Church to the people by making translations of the Latin version of the literatures of the Church like the Bible to plain everyday language like English.   From thereon, some of the more important Protestant groups to break away were the Lutherans, the Reformed/Calvinists/Presbyterians, the Anabaptists, and the Anglicans. The movement also led to a Catholic or Counter-Reformation within the Roman Catholic Church. 2. What advice does Machiavelli give a prince? The advice given by Machiavelli to the Prince is: â€Å"The Prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his study, than war and its rules and discipline; (Machiavelli)†. In giving this advice, Machiavelli has put the full weight of a country leader’s responsibility to that of mastering the art of war and defense of its own country.   He iterated again and again that it is the single most important task of a true leader.   Furthermore, he iterated that if a leader cannot take up arms and master the craft of war, he could descend into the rank of a private (Machiavelli). However, a private who has mastered the craft of arms and war could ascend to the rank of a leader (Machiavelli).   Hence, for purposes of maintaining his ascendancy or right to lead, a leader (or prince as referred to throughout the text), should be able to protect his domain above all else (Machiavelli). Another advice that Machiavelli gives the leader (or prince) is that of ensuring he is instills fear in his subjects or domain so that nobody would dare cross him.   He further explains that such a preference of being feared instead of being loved will ensure his throne because of the nature of men.   Men apparently find â€Å"no scruples† over betraying people they love but would find it harder to go against somebody they feared (Machiavelli).   Hence, if there is a choice to be made between being feared or being loved, the leader (or prince) should have no qualms that he should make sure he is feared.   A precaution added here though is that the leader (or prince), while assuring he is feared by his subjects also should ensure he is also not hated by them (Machiavelli).   Apparently, this he can do by making sure he respects their property and their women (Machiavelli). The last advice given was in tune with the practice of the times during the 1600 when nobilities and kings would often abuse their positions and wantonly take what they want from their subjects including the so called â€Å"right of first night† with total disrespect for the husband and also the women during that time. 3. Discuss the Age of Exploration. What were the motivations for the age? The Age of Discovery or Exploration came about when the rise of capitalism was surging throughout Europe and established nations like England and Spain started looking outward of their own domain to plot new territories and sources for gold, silver and spices. From the early 1600s to the 1800s, or for more than 200 years, it was not just the age of discovery for new lands but also a surge in technological innovations of equipment and machines.   The period saw a lot of improvement in the study of cartography and a more realistic global map of nations and territories. Aside from   cartography, improvements in navigation, firepower, and shipbuilding were also flourishing. Why is it significant? This period was significant for establishing the modern day map and the confirmation that the fundamental theories that the world is round and that global meridians do exist.   This period would also plot the socio-political divisions of global powers and their respective and strategic holds on territories and influences. Please name two explorers and describe what they ultimately accomplished. During this period of exploration and discovery, there were several individuals who were made their mark in history because of their contribution to the charting of new found continents and territories.   Among these prominent individuals were Captain James Cook and Ferdinand Magellan.   Captain James Cook was from England and Ferdinand Magellan was from Portugal, but served Spain after being refused by the administration of Portugal to be entrusted with an exploration fleet (Swenson). James Cook James Cook’s beginning was humble, being born to a farm laborer father.   But at sixteen old, his interest in sea voyage was triggered by being an apprentice in a shop located in a seaport with a window overlooking the vast sea.   After more than a year, he began apprenticeship in a merchant’s vessel.   Soon, James Cook went on to study algebra, geometry, trigonometry, navigation, and astronomy.   Ultimately, these skills proved very helpful in helping him pass his apprenticeship, and later on command his own ship.   To expedite the process, he joined the British Royal Navy. He participated in the Seven Years’ War.   He was an active participant in the siege of Quebec.   Here, he was able to use the various skills he learned during his first apprenticeship when he was sixteen yearrs old.   He displayed a talent for cartography and surveying. His main contribution to this age of exploration was his mapping of the Saint Lawrence River that helped General Wolf in his famous attack on the Plain of Abraham.   Capt. James Cook was also responsible for accurately mapping the coast of Newfoundland (part of Canada). He produced the first large scale accurate maps of Newfoundland, despite rough conditions   This started his huge career and impact on the British’ direction of discovery and exploration of new territories.   His most famous quote,   â€Å"To go further than any man has been before me, but as far as I think it is possible for a man to go (Collingridge)†, revealed his primary goal in life. Ferdinand Magellan The second other prominent individual during this age is Ferdinand Magellan. Ferdinan Magellan first approached the administration of   the Portugese royalty, but was refused.   Hence he tried the neighboring nation of Spain, and he was granted an audience and given a chance to prove himself, and his objective of circumnavigating the globe via a westward route to the Spice Islands of Indonesia (Swenson). The fleet of ships started with 270 crew members.   However, only 18 of the original crew was able to circumnavigate the globe and reported the success of Magellan’s team (Swenson). Ferdinand Magellan established the colonial reign of Spain in the Philippine Islands and was the first person to successfully cross all the meridians of the globe.   He also lead the crew   to sail westward from Europe to Asia, and successfully cross the Pacific ocean. Before his discovery of the Philippine Islands, this part of the world was totally unknown (Swenson).

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations 1. Complete the following sentences, using the words or groups of words in the box below. You may use some words more than once. †¢ as small as possible |†¢ decrease |†¢ molecules |†¢ quantities | |†¢ balance |†¢ different |†¢ nature |†¢ rearranging | |†¢ bonds |†¢ equal |†¢ never |†¢ release of a gas | |†¢ characteristic properties |†¢ heat |†¢ new elements |†¢ rules | |†¢ check |†¢ increase |†¢ nuclear |†¢ signs | |†¢ chemical |†¢ law of conservation |†¢ nucleus |†¢ state | |†¢ chemical equation |of mass |†¢ physical |†¢ stoichiometry | |†¢ coefficient |†¢ mass of products |†¢ precipitate |†¢ subscript symbols | |†¢ colour |†¢ mass of reactants |†¢ products |†¢ transformed | |†¢ counting |†¢ molar mass |†¢ proportions |†¢ whole numbers | a)There are three types of changes in matter: ________________________ changes, chemical changes and ________________________ changes. b)A physical change occurs when the form or the ________________________ of a substance is changed. For example, when liquid water is cooled, it becomes ice.Whether water is in liquid form or in the form of ice, the ________________________ that form water remain the same. The ________________________ of water do not change. c)A ________________________ change alters the ________________________ of a substance. The very nature of the ________________________ is altered: they are no longer the same after the change. This transformation involves ________________________ the bonds between the atoms and forming new molecules. d)A ________________________ transformation involves changes that occur in the ________________________ of the atom. The transformation causes the atoms to split and form ________________________. ) Chemical changes occur when the ________________________ between reactants (initial substances) are broken to form new ________________________ (final substances), whose characteristic properties are ________________________. During this process, the quantities of reactants ________________________, and the quantities of products ________________________. f) We can recognize that a chemical change has taken place by certain ________________________: the ________________________, the emission or absorption of ________________________, the emission of light, a change in ________________________, and the formation of a ________________________. ) A chemical change, or chemical reaction, can be represented by a ________________________, which shows how the change took place. It is useful to identify the ________________________ of the substances (solid, liquid, gas or aqueous solution) with ________________________ in parentheses to the right of the substance. h) The scientist Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier made this famous statement that expla ins the________________________: â€Å"Nothing is lost; nothing is created; everthing is ________________________. † This means that the ________________________ before the chemical reaction is equal to the ________________________ after the reaction. ) To follow the law of conservation of mass, we must ________________________ chemical equations by ________________________ the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side and on the products side of the equation. The appropriate ________________________ must be placed in front of each substance so that the number of atoms on each side of the equation is ________________________. j) Certain ________________________ must be followed when balancing a chemical equation. The coefficients must be ________________________, and they must be ________________________. New substances must ________________________ be added, nor existing substances removed.Subscripts in chemical formulas must ________________________ be changed. Finally, we must ________________________ the equation by comparing the number of atoms of each element on either side. k) When a chemical equation is properly balanced, we can find the ________________________ of reactants needed for a reaction and predict the resulting quantities of products. ________________________ is the study of these proportions. It is essential to maintain the ________________________ of the substances throughout the reaction. We can use ________________________ to convert moles into grams. 2. What kind of change is described by each of the following examples? |a) a worn tire | | | |b) limewater that turns white | | | |c) a bracelet that tarnishes | | | |d) the fission of a uranium nucleus | | | |e) rusting iron | | | |f) mercury that expands in hot weather | | | |g) the fusion of the nuclei of several atoms | | | |h) food being transformed into energy | | | |i) salt dissolving in water | | | |j) radium emitting radiation | | 3.For each of the following exam ples, name at least one sign that a chemical change is occurring. a) A match burns. | | | b) A yellow substance appears when NaI is mixed with Pb(NO3)2. | | | c) Bubbles form when chalk is mixed with hydrochloric acid. | | | d) A bright light appears when a piece of magnesium is burned. | | 4. Write a chemical formula to represent the following situation. Aluminum oxide (AlO), commonly called alumina, is formed by the reaction between aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O2). Balance the equation. | | | | | | 5. Balance each of the following chemical equations by indicating the number of atoms in each molecule involved in the reaction. a) C(s)+ H2(g) + O2(g) ( CH3OH(g) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b)Al(s) + O2 (g) ( Al2O3(s) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | c)C(s) + Cl2(g) + H2(g) ( CHCl3(g) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6.The decomposition of 10 g of copper oxide is represented by the following equation: 2 CuO(s) ( 2 Cu(s) + O2(g) If you obtain 8 g of copper, what am ount of oxygen was released? Explain your answer. | | | | | | | | | | | | 7. Calculate the mass and the number of moles of silver produced if you make 10  mol of zinc react with sufficient silver nitrate. (The equation is not balanced. Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) ( Ag(s) + Zn(NO3)2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8. What mass of glucose will be formed if you make 32  mol of hydrochloric acid react with sufficient carbon? (The equation is not balanced. ) HCl(l) + C(s) ( C10H16(aq) + Cl2(g) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. Given the reaction for the synthesis of ammonia: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ( 2 NH3(g) How many moles of hydrogen are needed to produce 50  g of ammonia? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10. Given the following equation: 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) ( 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) How many moles of hydrogen will be produced by the complete reaction of 75  g of sodium? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ———â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Support activities – Second Year of Secondary Cycle Two |EST | | student BOOK: Chapter 4, pages 108–113 | | Related Handout: Concept review 15 | ACTIVITY 15 EST EST EST EST EST ———————–  ©ERPI Reproduction and adaptation permitted solely for classroom use with Observatory. Observatory / Guide 11129-B

Analysis of Authentic Leadership Literature review

Analysis of Authentic Leadership - Literature review Example This kind of leadership is also focused in empowering others so that they can also be in a position of making difference, in this regard, it is proper to construe that they are not megalomaniacs and kleptomaniacs who have legendary interest in power, prestige, and money. Authentic leadership also draws their guidance from the mind and the heart- it practices guidance that is heart-based and at the same time hinged on compassion and passion (Hames 2007, p.88). Authentic leadership is also thoughtful and demonstrates the qualities of the mind and lead with purpose, meaning, and values. Their relationship is strong and genuine and this attracts people to them because they demonstrate consistency, reliability, and strength. Authentic leadership does not compromise on the values that they believe in even in the most difficult situation that they are pushed to the walls; instead, they are dedicated to learning and personal growth owing to the subscription in this kind of leadership that it takes a lifetime to be a leader. ... To have emotional intelligence can be looked into four cardinal perspectives; perceiving emotions, understanding emotions, reasoning with emotions and managing emotions. In the perception of the emotion, one should be in a position of making a deduction on one’s emotion just by observing the body language and the facial expression (Bradberry 2009, p.54). In this regard, you will be able to know people’s feeling without saying a word to them. Identification of the emotion plays a significant role in emotional intelligence and in this reference, one needs to be equipped with the ability. Reasoning with emotion, on the other hand, means making a choice whether it is prudent to engage to the person’s emotions or not. In addition to this, one also needs to understand emotions, and it involves conceiving the emotions manifested by people and interpreting them correctly to know what they mean. Lastly, management of the emotions involves taking control of your own emotio ns so that you can beat non-polarized state when making a response to others (Zeidner, Gerald, and Roberts 2009, p.81).  Ã‚  

Impacts of Organizational Cultures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impacts of Organizational Cultures - Assignment Example The cultures can be detrimental or beneficial to the organization as discussed in this essay. For the positive influences, organizational culture improves the morale of employees. Employees with a better understanding of their organization’s culture have a good grasp of their goals. They tend to cooperate with the needs of the customers, fellow customers, and managers. They understand that they are part of the investment, and they do their best to demonstrate loyalty. Workers in a healthy environment show commitment, and as a result, improve the productivity of the organization (Clampitt, 2012). Organizational cultures also help form unity among employees. The members of the organization take prompts from managers as part of forming cultures. Once they agree and adopt the norms of the firm, the norms in turn form bonds between the employees and management. The unity makes the members a team and they tend to focus on the entire success of a business, but not personal gains (Clampitt, 2012). The last benefit is that the organizational culture helps retain and attract talented individuals. Companies with good organizational culture retain employees for a long period. A company such as Coca-Cola has flexible working hours, allows casual dress codes, and provides international working opportunities (Clampitt, 2012). Its employees hardly leave the company because the company’s internal environment is friendly to them. Most researchers attribute the availability of well-defined cultures in organizations as the key to retention of talented and hardworking employees (Campitt, 2012). The first negative aspect of cultures in the internal environment and employees is that they can be unavoidable. The business owner might not be aware of its existence and may be busy trying to lift it off the ground, but the cultures can facilitate its uplift. The culture ends up being an obstacle to the company’s growth.  Ã‚